Economics and Dahlia Furniture Private Essay

On August 1984, Mr. Chua Boon Kang and Mr. Leong Sim Lam bought over Peter Lim’s forty six percent (46%) stake at Dahlia Furniture Private Limited. Although co-owners at one time, Mr. Chua and Mr. Leong have found Mr. Lim’s management of the company to be unsatisfactory. Some reorganization took place as most of the production workers who were doing subcontracting orders solely for Dahlia had resigned due to poor company performance in 1982. Dahlia also sold off seventy five thousand dollars ($75,000) worth of machinery used for mass producing furniture which was previously purchased by a former Managing Director, who has since left the company. Now at the helm, both are uncertain about the long term direction of the company. Meanwhile, they are both concerned over maintaining sales growth in a highly competitive industry. Dahlia Furniture made its entrance into the furniture industry in 1972 as subcontractors to two large furniture concerns, Ching Lin and Diethelm. It supplied mainly wall units and kitchen cabinets while bedrooms sets and dining sets were subcontracted out or obtained from local suppliers. Business went well and the company decided to branch into retailing. Between 1979 and 198, Dahlia acquired two factories At Ang Mo Kio and Upper Thomson at a cost of $400,000 and $300,000, respectively. The factory At Ang Mo Kio was rented out on a monthly basis to furniture makers who were also subcontractors to Dahlia. The company also acquired two or more showrooms in the Bukid Timah and Upper Thomson area in 1978 and 1982, respectively. I. TIME CONTEXT The Dahlia Furniture Private Limited Case (Case) was developed in 1985 by Mr. Ch’ng Hak Kee and Ms. Jeannie Teoh from the National University of Singapore. (Reference: Book) The case, as described is dated in the 1980’s in which Singapore’s economy was dependent on external markets and suppliers pushed. In the 1980s, Singapore was a free port with only a few revenue tariffs and a small set of protective tariffs. It had no foreign exchange controls or domestic price controls. There were no controls on private enterprise or investment, nor any limitations on profit remittance or repatriation of capital. Foreign corporations were welcome, foreign investment was solicited, and fully 70 percent of the investment in manufacturing was foreign. (mongabay.com) This shows that there is quite a contrast with regards to foreign policies as compared to the Philippines which has more stringent rules with regards to foreign investments considering that both countries are within the same region and are at the time regarded as developing nations. For the first two decades of its independence (1963, Britain and 1965 from Malaysia), Singapore enjoyed continuous high economic growth, largely outperforming the world economy. Its GDP growth rate never fell below 5 percent and rose as high as 15 percent. At the same time, Singapore managed to maintain an inflation rate below world averages. However, the 1985 international recession severely affected the economy as Singapore is dependent on foreign investments. However, due to better policy making, the country, on the same decade experienced a rise of the construction and manufacturing industries. By 1988, Singapore has rebounded. (wiki) II. VIEWPOINT As the more important decision makers for the company, Mr. Chua and Mr. Leong have to decide on the direction of the company where they want to be. Since the case does not directly supply a problem, it is presumed that the students are to make decisions based on the interpretation of the case. III. MAJOR POLICY STATEMENT The furniture business industry vision, the philosophy is built upon providing tailor-made business furniture solutions that exceeds our client’s unique needs and expectations whilst remaining cost competitive. IV. CURRENT BUSINESS POLICY V. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM VI. STATEMENT OF OBJECTIVE a. Long Term i. To develop strategies that will enhance and raise sales figures ii. To be highly competitive aginst both foreign and domestic competitors b. Short Term iii. To improve company’s position in the market iv. To exceed sales figure from the previous year VII. SWOT ANALYSIS STRENGTHS| WEAKNESSES| 1. Target Market is well defined 2. Multiple supply/inventory sources 3. Stable Management (as of 1984) 4. High quality Image 5. Highly profitable Branch (Orchard Area)| 1. Limited Market 2. Slow moving imported inventory 3. Primary Decision Makers are indirect Competitors 4. Low Profit Branches| OPPURTUNITIES| THREATS| 1. Re-exportation 2. New design trends 3. Improve profits from weaker branches 4. Open market for imported furniture| 1. Conflict on interests between the decision makers and the company 2. Loss of competent managers 3. Gradual changes in economic policies of the government 4. Loss of clients to competitors| VIII. ALTERNATIVE COURSES OF ACTION 1. Import all products and continue its high quality and fairly expensive image with middle and upper income family’s clientele. 2. Expand its production unit and contend with competitors through lowering of prices to reach a larger market, the mass. 3. To formulate a proportionate inventory acquisition with some products imported and some manufactured, to drive away competition and at the same time, maintain its present image, also to reach all brackets of prospective clientele. IX. ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES X. DECISION STATEMENT XI. IMPLEMENTATION PROGRAMS XII. PROPOSED BUSINESS POLICIES XIII. MANAGEMENT LESSONS LEARNED Dahlia Furniture Private Limited I. Problem : What way of acquiring inventories should Dahlia employ to maximize profit and improve the company’s position? II. Alternatives : A. Import all products and continue its high quality and fairly expensive image with middle and upper income family’s clientele. B. Expand its production unit and contend with competitors through lowering of prices to reach a larger market, the mass. C. To formulate a proportionate inventory acquisition with some products imported and some manufactured, to drive away competition and at the same time, maintain its present image, also to reach all brackets of prospective clientele. III. Advantages and Disadvantages * Advantages for Alternative A * Dahlia would be free from hiring more labor. * Will maintain its present image for quality and pricing. * No overhead costs. * Smaller units of products are needed to be sold because of its price * Problems about filling their showrooms are rapidly solved. Disadvantages for Alternative A * Would turn out costly if not sold two months or more. * Dahlia would be driven away by competitors because of erratic pricing. * It could not cater to the mass market. * It will be pinpointed by government for using foreign labor and might affect its credibility. * Advantages for Alternative B * Will not incur large cost, even inventory remain idle for quite some time. * The company can now afford to cater the mass market. * Can now drive the competition. * Will not violate government’s policy on foreign labor. Disadvantages for Alternative B * Will incur large overhead cost. * Company’s current image might be at stake. * Has to hire more labor that will boost costs. * Might incur losses if driven away by erratic pricing. * Advantages for Alternative C * Lower risk for the company. * Will neutralize all costs. * Will have a larger†¦ [continues]

Alternate Fuel Rental Vehicles essays

Alternate Fuel Rental Vehicles essays In the small geographic area of Greece, and the Greek Isles, Lotus Car Rental is an established company headquartered in Athens, Greece. The company has numerous offices throughout out the islands, and is positioned to serve the tourists which come to view the historic cradle of western civilization. The company has earned an excellent reputation in the Greek tourism industry, serving the population for over 30 years of experience. LOTUS provides a wide selection of rental vehicles for hire in Greece from 1000cc to 2000 cc. (lotuscarcompany.gr, online) their vehicles include luxury cars, 9 seat mini-buses and convertibles. The company lives by a commitment to provide a rental service in Greece of the highest standards, which has resulted in gaining a large number of repeat customers who have become accustomed to our total reliability. The successful introduction of hybrid and other alternate fuel vehicles in the marketplace presents a unique opportunity for the company. Because of the limited travel area which the typical tourist travels while in Greece, and the extended cruising range of hybrid gas-electric vehicles, such as the Toyota Prius or Honda Insight, which attain approximately 50 miles to the gallon of gas, Hybrid vehicles could be a profitable addition to the Lotus car inventory. According to Bak (2000) the high gasoline prices and higher petrol taxes fuel in Europe are creating a consumer backlash against the oil companies. Consumers are looking for ways to spend less on their gasoline purchases. As a result, the timing for gas - electric hybrid vehicles couldn't be better. These vehicles are a solution for the long lines at the gasoline pumps. The vehicles are also a focus for additional consumer attention due to rising petrol prices. The Insight supplements its 1-liter, 3-cylinder engine with an electric-motor assist during peak power demand to lowe...

Angkor Wat, Cambodia

Angkor Wat, Cambodia The temple complex at Angkor Wat, just outside of Siem Reap, Cambodia, is world famous for its intricate lotus blossom towers, its enigmatic smiling Buddha images and lovely dancing girls (apsaras), and its geometrically perfect moats and reservoirs. An architectural jewel, Angkor Wat itself is the largest religious structure in the world. It is the crowning achievement of the classical Khmer Empire, which once ruled most of Southeast Asia. The Khmer culture and the empire alike were built around a single critical resource: water. Lotus Temple on a Pond: The connection with water is immediately apparent at Angkor today. Angkor Wat (meaning Capital Temple) and the larger Angkor Thom (Capital City) are both surrounded by perfectly square moats. Two five-mile-long rectangular reservoirs glitter nearby, the West Baray and the East Baray. Within the immediate neighborhood, there are also three other major barays and numerous small ones. Some twenty miles to the south of Siem Reap, a seemingly inexhaustible supply of freshwater stretches across 16,000 square kilometers of Cambodia. This is the Tonle Sap, Southeast Asias largest freshwater lake. It may seem odd that a civilization built on the edge of Southeast Asias great lake should need to rely on a complicated irrigation system, but the lake is extremely seasonal. During the monsoon season, the vast amount of water pouring through the watershed causes the Mekong River to actually back up behind its delta, and begin to flow backward. The water flows out over the 16,000 square kilometer lake-bed, remaining for about 4 months. However, once the dry season returns, the lake shrinks down to 2,700 square kilometers, leaving the Angkor Wat area high and dry. The other problem with Tonle Sap, from an Angkorian point of view, is that it is at a lower elevation than the ancient city. Kings and engineers knew better than to site their wonderful buildings too close to the erratic lake/river, but they did not have the technology to make water run uphill. Engineering Marvel: In order to provide a year-round supply of water for irrigating rice crops, the engineers of the Khmer Empire connected a region the size of modern-day New York City with an elaborate system of reservoirs, canals, and dams. Rather than using the water of Tonle Sap, the reservoirs collect monsoon rainwater and store it for the dry months. NASA photographs reveal the traces of these ancient waterworks, hidden at ground level by the thick tropical rainforest. A steady water supply allowed for three or even four plantings of the notoriously thirsty rice crop per year and also left enough water for ritual use. According to Hindu mythology, which the Khmer people absorbed from Indian traders, the gods live on the five-peaked Mount Meru, surrounded by an ocean. To replicate this geography, the Khmer king Suryavarman II designed a five-towered temple surrounded by an enormous moat. Construction on his lovely design began in 1140; the temple later came to be known as Angkor Wat. In keeping with the aquatic nature of the site, each of Angkor Wats five towers is shaped like an unopened lotus blossom. The temple at Tah Prohm alone was served by more than 12,000 courtiers, priests, dancing girls and engineers at its height - to say nothing of the empires great armies, or the legions of farmers who fed all the others. Throughout its history, the Khmer Empire was constantly at battle with the Chams (from southern Vietnam) as well as different Thai peoples. Greater Angkor probably encompassed between 600,000 and 1 million inhabitants - at a time when London had perhaps 30,000 people. All of these soldiers, bureaucrats, and citizens relied upon rice and fish - thus, they relied upon the waterworks. Collapse: The very system that allowed the Khmer to support such a large population may have been their undoing, however. Recent archaeological work shows that as early as the 13th century, the water system was coming under severe strain. A flood evidently destroyed part of the earthworks at West Baray in the mid-1200s; rather than repairing the breach, the Angkorian engineers apparently removed the stone rubble and used it in other projects, idling that section of the irrigation system. A century later, during the early phase of what is known as the Little Ice Age in Europe, Asias monsoons became very unpredictable. According to the rings of long-lived po mu cypress trees, Angkor suffered from two decades-long drought cycles, from 1362 to 1392, and 1415 to 1440. Angkor had already lost control of much of its empire by this time. The extreme drought crippled what remained of the once-glorious Khmer Empire, leaving it vulnerable to repeated attacks and sackings by the Thais. By 1431, the Khmer people had abandoned the urban center at Angkor. Power shifted south, to the area around the present-day capital at Phnom Pehn. Some scholars suggest that the capital was moved to better take advantage of coastal trading opportunities. Perhaps the upkeep on Angkors waterworks was simply too burdensome. In any case, monks continued to worship at the temple of Angkor Wat itself, but the rest of the 100 temples and other buildings of the Angkor complex were abandoned. Gradually, the sites were reclaimed by the forest. Although the Khmer people knew that these marvelous ruins stood there, amidst the jungle trees, the outside world did not know about the temples of Angkor until French explorers began to write about the place in the mid-nineteenth century. Over the past 150 years, scholars and scientists from Cambodia and around the world have worked to restore the Khmer buildings and unravel the mysteries of the Khmer Empire. Their work has revealed that Angkor Wat truly is like a lotus blossom - floating atop a watery realm. Photo Collections from Angkor: Various visitors have recorded Angkor Wat and surrounding sites over the past century. Here are some historic photos of the region. Margaret Hays photos from 1955. National Geographic/Robert Clarks photos from 2009. Â   Sources Angkor and the Khmer Empire, John Audric. (London: Robert Hale, 1972). Angkor and the Khmer Civilization, Michael D. Coe. (New York: Thames and Hudson, 2003). The Civilization of Angkor, Charles Higham. (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2004). Angkor: Why an Ancient Civilization Collapsed, Richard Stone. National Geographic, July 2009, pp. 26-55.

What are the key strategic decisions for keeping staff motivated and Dissertation

What are the key strategic decisions for keeping staff motivated and to increase the productivity - Dissertation Example The objective of this research is to recognize key strategic decisions of the company to motivate its employees and the importance of motivation in improving the productivity of the organization. Employees are the key assets of the organization. Motivated employees help to improve the overall productivity of the organization. In order to study the same, the researcher intends to recognize the basic motivational factors in the company. After scrutinizing the motivational factors in the particular study, the investigator comes to the conclusion that motivation is a factor which vary from person to person .It is argued that staff turnover, volunteerism, proactive behavior plays an important role in motivation of employees. Staff turnover is the main factor influencing the productivity of the organization and lower output. The employees need to be proactive at the workplace to show better performance. The motivation at work cannot be preserved constantly for a long time. This means that a person’s present motivational feature may change tomorrow. It is clear that modification in the personal or social condition will influence an employee’s motivation level. The ultimate analysis of this study does not specify any universal pattern which is capable to influence any motivation level of the employees. This study also does not elucidate any pattern of gender difference.... teness†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦26 3.6 Ethical Issues in Research†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.28 3.7 Limitations for Research†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦29 3.8 Summary†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦30 Chapter 4: Findings and Analysis†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â ‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.31 4.1 Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.31 4.2 Analysis†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦31 4.3 Findings†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦60 4.4 Summary†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..61 Chapter 5: Conclusions and Recommendations†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.62 5.1 Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..62 5.2 Theoretical Implications†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...63 5.3 Managerial Implications†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...64 5.4 Limitations of the study†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã ¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦65 5.5 Future Directions of the Research†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦66 5.6 Summary†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...67

Organizing and paying for American Eduction Essay

Organizing and paying for American Eduction - Essay Example If we talk about American educational structure, we observe that initial education involves kindergarten, nurseries, preschools, and day care centers. Then comes the primary education that consists of grades 1 to 7. Then, the middle education is offered which includes grades 4 to 8. After that, high schools include grades 8 to 12. After passing high schools, the student enters the University for higher education. A typical American school has a principal who runs the school primarily, an assistant principal, secretaries, coordinators, department heads, teachers, librarians, a physician in case of emergency, and canteen operators. The American Government arranges funds for its education sector through taxes which give enough revenue to run the institutions. The taxes include property tax, sales tax, income tax, and prize bonds. The government provides general funding which is equally distributed among all institutions; and, categorical funding which the provider provides for some part icular educational programs. However, it is a big challenge for the government to show to their public and local districts how properly the revenue obtained through taxes is spent on education because often local districts have to spend from their own pockets for the maintenance of institutions.

Iconology, Image, art and people Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words

Iconology, Image, art and people - Essay Example As such, it is well known and universally accepted that art has played a profound role in shaping the modern society as it is today and continues to assert its influence. In the most earliest times, the expression through art was very primitive. Our ancient forefathers used to carve murals depicting scenes such as hunting and different wild animals by scratching out on rocks with the help of sharp and pointed stones. As man organized himself into an organized and civilize society, the mediums through which art began to be expressed started to take on numerous forms. It started to develop into a highly skillful and representational aspect of work and evolved into a study of its own. People now required to be highly trained in order to be able to produce pieces of art that could be considered as valuable to the society. As art evolved, it began to capture increasing aspects of our lives and the expression started to look increasingly expressive. it started to gain numerous perspectives in terms of anatomy, the kind of materials used, the combination of colors as well as in terms of the content. However, as newer movements began to rise over the centuries, they began to slowly deprive the expression of any meaning. Such social entropy was necessitated with the greed to make people happy. This required that true information be masked with content that seemed to depict something more appealing to the masses. The current paper aims to discuss the impacts of the history and evolution of art on society and aims to derive it further in the direction of Iconography, which is a broad domain of art history in its own sense. The next sections will discuss the growth and development in the interpretation of art over the ages and will discuss iconology and its evolution over the centuries. As has been mentioned above, the paper will attempt to discuss how we have come to

Health Promotion and Education Essay Example for Free

Health Promotion and Education Essay Outline: 1. Health Education a. Definition 2. Five Key Areas in Health Promotion and Education 3. Five Health Promotion Approach a. Medical Approach b. Behavior Change Approaches c. Educational approach d. In Client-Centered Approach e. Societal Change Approach 4. Healthy Lifestyle a. Definition b. How to promote a healthy lifestyle? 5. Advocacy for Health R.A. 9163 Motivation: 1. Are you healthy? Why? 2. How do you define a healthy person? 3. Have you been sent to the doctor or hospitalized? Activity: 1. Diagram of a Healthy Person Ask your students to bring the following material: white cartolina, pencils, coloring pen, scissors and glue Ask your student to draw and image of a healthy person and present it in the class Identify a symbolic picture of your answers to the questions above. Draw a coat of arms using all the symbolic picture of your answers as elements. Lecture: Health Education 1. Health Education a. Definition Health 1. The World Health Organization in 1948 defined health as: a. A state of complete physical, social and mental well-being, and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity. b. Within the context of health promotion, health has been considered less as an abstract state and more as a means to an end which can be expressed in functional terms as a resource which permits people to lead an individually, socially and economically productive life. Health is a resource for everyday life, not the object of living. It is a positive concept emphasizing social and personal resources as well as physical capabilities.1 Health for All 1. It is the attainment by all the people of the world of a level of health that will permit them to lead a socially and economically productive life.2 Health promotion 1. Is the process of enabling people to increase control over, and to improve their health.3 2. Health Promotion is the process of enabling people by strengthening their skills and capabilities as well as changing their social, environmental and economic condition.4 Public health 1. It is science and art of promoting health, preventing disease, and prolonging life through the organized efforts of society. a. It is a social and political concept aimed at the improving health, prolonging life and improving the quality of life not just for a single individual but among whole populations through health promotion, disease prevention and other forms of health intervention.5 Health education 1. Health education comprises consciously constructed opportunities for learning how to promote individual and public health. It involves activities designed to improve health literacy, including improving knowledge, and developing life skills which are conducive to individual and community health.6 2. Five Key Areas in Health Promotion and Education a. In the 21st century the Jakarta Declaration of the World Health Organizations (WHO) identifies five priorities in health promotion and education: Promote social responsibility for health Increase investments for health development Expand partnerships for health promotion Increase community capacity and empower the individual Secure an infrastructure for health promotion 3. Five Health Promotion Approach a. Various models of health promotion and health education are useful analytical tool, which can help clarify goals and values ​​of health promotion. A framework consisting of five approaches to health promotion, and demonstrate the values ​​inherent in their respective approaches.7 Medical Approach 1. the freedom from disease and disability as defined by medical, such as infectious diseases, cancer and heart disease 2. It involves medicine to prevent or alleviate pain, perhaps with persuasive and paternalistic methods. 3. It gives the importance of preventive medical measures, and responsibilities of the medical profession to make sure that patients adhere to recommended procedures. Behavior Change Approaches 1. To change community attitudes and individual behavior, so they took this healthy lifestyle. Educational approach 1. To provide information and ensure knowledge and understanding of the matter of health. Information about health is presented, and 2. People are helped to explore the values ​​and attitudes, and make their own decisions. 3. Assistance in implementing the decisions and adopt new health practices can also be offered by school health education programs. In Client-Centered Approach 1. This approach is to work with clients to help them identify what they want to know and do, and make their own decisions and choices according to their interests and values. 2. Self empowered client is seen as central to this goal. Societal Change Approach 1. to make changes in the physical environment, social and economic development, in order to make it more conducive to a healthy state 4. Healthy Lifestyle a. Definition According to the World Health Organization (WHO), Health not just defined as the absence of disease it is a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being. Interestingly enough Healthy lifestyle then are the steps, actions and strategies one puts in place to achieve optimum and maximum health. It is about making smart and informed decision in maintaining our health8 b. How to promote a healthy lifestyle?9 Balanced Diet – the Motto program initiated by Prof. Poerwo Soedarmo in 1950, the father of Nutrition Indonesia suggest the following: 1. Eat a variety of foods 2. Eat foods to meet energy coverage 3. Eat foods carbohydrate source half of their energy needs 4. Limit your intake of fats and oils up to a quarter of the energy adequacy 5. Use iodized salt 6. Eat food sources of iron 7. Give only to infants only breast milk until the age of four months and add the solids after 8. Always eat breakfast 9. Drink water that is safe and adequate amount 10. Make regular physical activity 11. Avoid alcoholic beverages 12. Eat foods that are safe for health 13. Read labels on packaged foods Pattern break – people are too busy and stressed by their workload, domestic problem and even school requirements and activities and so there is n time to rest. 1. The body desperately needs sleep. If you are only able to gain time for 3-4 hours at night, try to find extra time and complete the rest 2. Rest doesn’t mean sleep, if you can relax your body and your mind until you feel completely relaxed. 3. Do breathing exercises, a few minutes of meditation is very meaningful to all your organs. Exercise – it keeps your body at its peak and fit 1. Fitness is associated with the following: a. Our bodies are strong b. Allows the growth of a healthy soul c. Enhance the immune defense system and us. By itself capable ward off various diseases d. Maintain flexibility, endurance and strength, which in turn will encourage us remain active with high mobility e. Reduce and avoid stress f. Look better, feel better and think better 2. Sports activities maintains our body in a fit condition 3. At least thirty-minutes of continuous walk or jog 4. Gym and Fitness activities is also an option to make your body Free from dangerous addictive substances 1. Be educated and learn the dangers of drugs (narcotics, drugs, and addictive substances) and alcoholic beverages Balancing spirituality 1. To be able to realize a balance spirituality will help you behave or think and feel with more compassion and so there is less negative emotion that will stress your mind and your soul. 2. Efforts that can be done alone could be providing a special time for a break from all the busyness and brings you to the tranquility and relief like when you are attending the mass, prayer or meditation. 5. Advocacy for Health a. Definition An over-all design for health promotion and education which is a combination of individual and social actions designed to gain political commitment, policy support, social acceptance and systems support for a particular health goal or program.10 b. How can we help in Health Promotion and Education? Create living conditions which are conducive to health and the achievement of healthy lifestyles. The use of the mass media and available multi-media in educating our community of the current and updated health policies of the government Direct political lobbying to policy makers Community Mobilization through, coalitions of interest around defined issues. 6. HIV and AIDS a. Definition of Terms HIV – It stands for Human Immunodeficiency Virus. Unlike a common cold or flu virus that stays in the body only for a few days when a person becomes infected with HIV, the person becomes HIV positive for a lifetime. The HIV virus would gradually infect and kills white blood cells called CD4 lymphocytes (or T cells) which make the body unable to fight off certain kinds of infections and cancers. AIDS It stands for Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome and is caused by HIV. In simple terms, people treat AIDS as advanced HIV disease. The immunity system of a person with AIDS is weakened by HIV that the person will get sick easily and find it difficult to recover from such simple diseases. b. What are the symptoms of HIV infection or AIDS The first symptoms of HIV infection might resemble symptoms of common cold or flu viruses. Other early symptoms of early infection are also similar to other sexually transmitted diseases (STD) and other infections like hepatitis and tuberculosis. Those who do have symptoms generally experience fever, fatigue, and, often, rash. Yet other HIV infected persons do not exhibit any of the symptoms above, as such, the only way to confirm is to test the presence of HIV antibodies. c. How do I get HIV? If you are exposed to the body fluids of a person containing HIV which includes: 1. Blood (including menstrual blood) 2. Semen and possibly pre-seminal fluid (pre-cum) 3. Vaginal secretion 4. Breast milk Three of the four body fluids that contain HIV are transferable during sexual intercourse, thus unsafe sex and promiscuity is the leading cause of being infected with HIV. Other ways that HIV can be transmitted: 1. Sharing needles when shooting drugs 2. Home tattooing and body piercing 3. Accidental needle sticks 4. Blood transfusions 5. Childbirth 6. Breast-feeding False ideas on the transfer of HIV from an infected person: 1. Saliva, tears, sweat, feces, or urine 2. Hugging 3. Kissing 4. Massage 5. Shaking hands 6. Insect bites 7. Living in the same house with someone who has HIV 8. Sharing showers or toilets with someone with HIV d. How should I prevent being infected with HIV? Keeping a strong moral foundation and spirituality to guide youth and individuals away from engaging in unsafe sex and promiscuity Avoid or do not try to get a tattoo or body pierce Always make sure that syringe used on you for medical purposes are sanitized and new Always make sure that the blood transfused or donated are HIV free e. Is there a cure? Up to this time, there is no cure for HIV. All drugs being tested in advanced pharmaceutical firms around the world had yet to discover a cure to the illness. Drug therapy only prolonged and improve the quality of life of people infected with HIV. f. What are sexually transmitted disease ad its relation to HIV? HIV is one of the sexually transmitted diseases from unsafe, immoral sex and promiscuity. Other sexually transmitted diseases includes:11 1. Chlamydia – Is a common sexually transmitted disease (STD) caused by Chlamydia trachomatis, bacteria that can damage a womans reproductive organs like infertility, and can cause foul discharge from the penis of an infected patient. 2. Trichomoniasis (Trich) – it has no symptoms but may cause unusual genital discharge for both men and women. The disease can also increase a person’s risk of acquiring HIV and pregnant women can deliver premature, low birth weight babies. 3. Gonorrhea – the disease damages not just the reproductive organ of the infected person but can affect the anus, eyes, mouth, genitals, or throat. 4. Human papilloma virus (HPV) (Warts) – One silent killer among the list of sexually transmitted diseases for it is asymptomatic, unrecognized, or subclinical and yet a leading cause of cervical cancers among women. 5. Genital herpes – like HIV there is no cure for Herpes and at an early stage it doesn’t exhibit symptoms to an infected person. The swollen genital may not be enough to make sure you are inflicted with herpes, a laboratory test is needed to validate the symptoms. 6. Syphilis – one of the most common and easily diagnose STD is Syphilis and is easy to cure in its early stages. Symptoms include a firm, round, small, and painless sore on the genitals, anus, or mouth, or a rash on the body, especially on the palms of the hands or the soles of the feet. 7. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) – Hepatitis could easily be transferred from an infected person to his/her partner thru sexual intercourse. If you have ever had an STD, you need to test yourself for HIV infection, for the unsafe sex might have exposed you to HIV as well. g. Official Statistics of HIV in the Philippines (to be updated) According to the official statistics of University of California, California, U.S.A. as of 2009 there is an increase in the incidence of HIV infection and AIDS victim in the Philippines.12 General HIV/AIDS